Covering the backbone of the digital economy, this subcategory includes silicon wafers, memory chips, microprocessors, logic ICs, analog devices, and discrete semiconductors. Reports analyze advancements in photolithography, chiplet-based design, energy-efficient transistors, and next-gen semiconductor materials (GaN, SiC, graphene). Key focus areas include 5G infrastructure, AI chipsets, EV electronics, and the data center revolution, providing deep insights into supply chain challenges, R&D breakthroughs, and sustainable chip manufacturing.